Array; a Tool Used To Detect the Expression of Thousands of Genes at the Same Time

                                                                                
Traditional solid-phase array and alternative bead array are some of the types of DNA microarray.

                                              Array

Traditional solid-phase array and alternative bead array are some of the types of DNA microarray. Major applications of DNA/Gene microarray include, gene expression, genomics, proteomics, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis, among others. Microarrays are used to quantify expression levels of numbers of genes or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. DNA microarrays find application in drug research/development, clinical diagnosis, environment control, agriculture, and other sectors.

A DNA microarray is a specialized gene expression assay which allows for the identification of new genes and their functions. This technology uses spotted samples on a solid support, such as a silicon chip or a nylon membrane, and fluorescently labels the target sequence. The target sample then binds to the corresponding probe sequences, generating a signal depending on the hybridization conditions and the washing procedure after the hybridization. The intensity of the signal is used to create a digital image of the array.

DNA microarrays are used to study the gene expression of different tissues. This technology is based on multiplexes of the same DNA sample, so the results of the analysis will vary. A single test can determine if a gene is expressed in a particular tissue in different parts of the body. The technique can also be used to analyze the effect of a single genetic variant. It is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from an individual contains a mutation in genes. The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling.

DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA, or detect RNA that may or may not be translated into proteins. Thus, with the increasing prevalence of cancer and increasing adoption of genetic testing around the world, the use of DNA microarrays is also increasing with a rapid pace. For example, in November 2019, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved the BRACAnalysis Diagnostic System, or the BRACAnalysis genetic test, to be used to test which breast cancer patients may benefit most from additional and more specialized treatment.

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